You’re flowing NORTH into Hudson’s Bay: you’re based in the Foxe Basin – Melville Peninsula, which is part of the Western and Northern Hudson Bay Drainage Area.
The OVERALL health score of the
Foxe Basin - Melville Peninsula
subwatershed
is Data deficient
Enough data? Insufficient
Rivers in this watershed flow eastward from Melville Peninsula into Foxe Basin, carving narrow valleys through tundra and ancient permafrost. These freshwater flows help regulate seasonal ice formation and provide essential habitat for Arctic char and muskox. Inuit communities from Repulse Bay (Naujaat) have used this watershed for centuries, following seasonal hunting and fishing cycles.
Did you know? This region contains fossilized stromatolites, some of Earth’s oldest life forms!
JURISDICTION
Nunavut
POPULATION CENTER(S)
Igloolik
WATERSHED SIZE
59,727 km² (0.6% of Canada)
How to interpret the scores
Very good | Good | Fair | Poor | Very poor | Data deficient | Not scored |
Our freshwater health scores are based on four key metrics: water quality, hydrology (flow), benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish populations. For each metric, we use standardized criteria—such as exceedance of federal and provincial water quality guidelines, long-term trends in river flow, tolerance values for invertebrates, and native fish species richness—to assess conditions across watersheds.
To make these scientific results easier to understand, we translate them into a simple 1 to 5 scale: 1 = VERY POOR and 5 = VERY GOOD
These scores provide an overall picture of freshwater health, helping both experts and the public quickly see where attention is needed.
It’s important to remember:
- We calculate scores at a national scale, using the best available data. While this provides a valuable snapshot, it may not capture every local nuance.
- For some regions and specific waterbody types (like northern areas or mud-bottom prairie rivers), certain metrics—like the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) for invertebrates—may not fully reflect local conditions. We’ve flagged these cases.
- Data sufficiency is a key consideration: Some watersheds have long-term, robust data. Others may be classified as “Data Deficient” due to many reasons besides lack of data, including monitoring that is incompatible with the FHA, inaccessible data, and the Covid pandemic. Learn more on our data sources page.
For more detail on how each score is calculated, including thresholds, trend analyses, and limitations, please visit our About the Indicators page or consult our Tech Doc for the full methodology.
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Datapoints
This analysis includes all the data we could access—whether from open platforms, agency reports, or historical records. Some datasets were readily available, while others came from hardcopy reports and handwritten notes that we digitized and formatted. We’re grateful to all data providers for sharing their data. Even so, this is only part of the picture. Learn more about data accessibility challenges.
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Water quality
The water quality score for the Foxe Basin – Melville Peninsula watershed is Data deficient (It was previously DATA DEFICIENT).
The overall water quality score assesses many parameters on how often they met water quality guidelines in the last 5 years, but to understand health, it’s important to understand what’s passed and failed and what’s missing. Then, we compare that with 5 years previous to help us determine how it’s changing.
This watershed could not be scored because there were no samples collected for it in the datasets used.
Common water health tests
These are the most commonly monitored parameters that tell us about general water health and nutrients.
Ammonia | Data deficient |
| |
Chloride | Data deficient |
| |
Dissolved oxygen | Data deficient | | |
Nitrate | Data deficient |
| |
Nitrite | Data deficient |
| |
pH | Data deficient |
| |
Total nitrogen | Data deficient |
| |
Total Phosphorus | Data deficient |
|
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Metals
Metals are important to monitor to determine contamination from pollution or natural sources.
Aluminum | Data deficient |
| |
Arsenic | Data deficient |
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Cadmium | Data deficient |
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Copper | Data deficient |
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Iron | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
Lead | Data deficient |
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Mercury | Data deficient | | |
Nickel | Data deficient | ||
Uranium | Data deficient |
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Zinc | Data deficient |
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Pollutants
Pollutants are often expensive to test (requiring specialized equipment like mass spectrometers). Many of these are not tested (data-deficient) unless there’s a specific concern.
.gamma.-hexachloro-cyclohexane | Data deficient |
| |
2,4-D | Data deficient |
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Acenaphthene | Data deficient |
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Acridine | Data deficient |
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Aldrin | Data deficient |
| |
Anthracene | Data deficient |
| |
Atrazine | Data deficient |
| |
Bentazone | Data deficient |
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Benz[a]anthracene | Data deficient |
| |
Benzo[a]pyrene | Data deficient |
| |
benzyl.butyl.phtalate | Data deficient |
| |
bisphenol.a | Data deficient |
| |
Bromoxynil | Data deficient |
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Chlordane | Data deficient |
|
ddt | Data deficient |
| |
Dicamba | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
Dieldrin | Data deficient |
previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
dimethyl.phthalate | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
Fluoranthene | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
Fluorene | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
Glyphosate | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
MCPA | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
Mirex | Data deficient | | |
Naphthalene | Data deficient |
| |
Naphthalene | Data deficient |
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Pyrene | Data deficient | previously DATA DEFICIENT | |
Quinoline | Data deficient | | |
Total PCBs | Data deficient | | |
Toxaphene | Data deficient | |
about our analysis
The overall water quality score is based on how frequently key water quality parameters exceed established guidelines. Individual parameters provide insight into specific concerns, but water quality is complex, and further investigation is encouraged before drawing conclusions about the factors influencing the scores. Here, we’re showing you the percentage of samples within the recommended thresholds over the past five years (2018–2023). These results are compared to the five years preceding (2014–2018) to assess trends. You can visit our glossary page in our Tech Doc for descriptions of each parameter and our standards page to understand the thresholds used in this region.
How's it flowing?
Unfortunately, we can't say
The Foxe Basin – Melville Peninsula watershed scored Data deficient. In some cases we can still provide a visualizion. However, in this case, there were also no stations in this watershed with least 6 months of data in all 60 years (1964 – 2023) for us to visualize changes in daily flow over time.
about our analysis
We used flow data from HYDAT for this watershed, focusing on stations with long-term records—at least 50 years of data and a minimum of 6 months of valid daily flow data per year. This approach ensures inclusion of stations in colder regions, where rivers may freeze part of the year. We then calculated average daily flows across two 30-year periods: 1964–1993 and 1994–2023. By comparing these periods, we smoothed out short-term events like floods or droughts to better understand long-term changes in flow patterns. Learn more about our hydrology calculations in our Tech Doc.
We used flow data from HYDAT for this watershed, focusing on stations with long-term records—at least 50 years of data and a minimum of 6 months of valid daily flow data per year. This approach ensures inclusion of stations in colder regions, where rivers may freeze part of the year. We then calculated average daily flows across two 30-year periods: 1964–1993 and 1994–2023. By comparing these periods, we smoothed out short-term events like floods or droughts to better understand long-term changes in flow patterns. Learn more about our hydrology calculations in our Tech Doc.
Benthic Invertebrates
There was not a most commonly reported Benthic Invertebrate taxa
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The score for benthic invertebrates for the Foxe Basin – Melville Peninsula watershed is Not scored.
Benthic (meaning bottom-dwelling) macroinvertebrates are small aquatic animals and the aquatic larval stages of insects. They include dragonfly and stonefly larvae, snails, worms, and beetles. These creatures make up the backbone of the ecosystem and, since they live there full time, are a great way to understand its health!
This watershed was not scored.
In northern regions, there are fewer types and quantities of benthic invertebrates because of naturally harsh, cold conditions! The scoring system that works for more Southern areas does not work well in the North because the species found there are naturally tolerant to cold and extreme conditions. This can lead to misleading scores, making healthy ecosystems appear unhealthy. Therefore, we chose not to score benthic invertebrates in the northern tolerance zones (you’ll see “Not scored”. Learn more in our Tech Doc). We hope to change how we score Northern regions in the future. We still crunched data, and if we had records, we still spotlighted the most abundant species found there.
about our analysis
We assessed benthic macroinvertebrate health using the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), which measures how tolerant invertebrate communities are to pollution. We used data from CABIN, the Royal Ontario Museum, Conservation Authorities, and regional programs, focusing on samples identified to at least the family level. For most sub-watersheds, we calculated an average HBI score and assigned a health rating from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). However, in some regions—such as the North and certain Prairie rivers—HBI is not considered an appropriate tool due to ecological differences or data limitations. In these cases, we marked the sub-watershed as Not Scored. You can learn more about how we evaluated benthics on our Guidelines and Tolerances page and our Tech Doc.
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We have no fish records for this watershed
The Foxe Basin – Melville Peninsula’s fish score is Data deficient. That’s a shame, since fish, like invertebrates, are a great way to understand water health (since fish live there full time). Monitoring for fish is time consuming, requires expertise, and it’s expensive to do well.
Some monitoring for fish may had happened in this watershed but we couldn’t access the data. The best way for fish data to be included is to share it with national or regional data hubs.
about our analysis
The fish health score is based on trends in native fish species richness, which can reflect overall ecosystem health. Fish monitoring in Canada often relies on presence/absence data, limiting detailed community-level assessments. Still, tracking species richness over time provides valuable insights. In addition to the scores, we present the trend in native species richness over the past ten years (2014–2023) and compare it to the preceding decade (2004–2013) to assess changes. Watersheds are classified into three categories: Good (no significant decline), Fair (a significant decline in either median or total species richness), and Poor (a significant decline in both). Read more in our Tech Doc.
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Dive deeper
Other resources
We recognize that these Reports are a zoomed out way to understand watershed health. You may have additional questions about your local waterbody. We encourage you to find out more about the local conservation work and testing happening in your region. Some regions produce report cards for individual waterbodies, but often this is dependent on resources.
Many regions have opportunities to take action to collect water quality data and get involved in restoration and education opportunities. Learn more about how you might get involved.
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